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Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by a germ called the tubercle bacillus. Tuberculosis is contagious - anyone can catch it. Some people are more at risk of catching TB than others.
The TB germ enters your body as you breathe. It usually settles in your lungs. From there, it can spread to other parts of your body, including your central nervous system, your bones, and your joints.
In Canada, TB control is very good, but there are still Canadians who get TB. Across the world, TB is considered one of the deadliest infectious diseases, especially in developing countries. In many places, the TB epidemic is made worse by the HIV/ AIDS epidemic. Read more about the world TB epidemic and how the Lung Association is involved in fighting TB.
TB can occur in animals, too.
Inactive TB: TB infection
When you are first infected with the TB germ, you don?t usually get sick right away. But the germ stays in your body, in an inactive state. This is called inactive TB.
The TB germ can become active at any time in your life. When the germ becomes active, it causes the disease known as tuberculosis or TB.
If you have inactive TB, you can take medicine to prevent the TB germ from becoming active and giving you TB disease.
Active TB : TB disease
Active TB means the TB germ in your body has become active, and has caused the disease TB. You will have symptoms of active TB disease, including cough, fever, weight loss, and more.
Not all people with inactive TB infection will get active TB. Most often people get the disease if they are older, or if they have another disease that lowers their ability to fight infections.
Active TB disease can be treated with medicines.
How is TB spread?
When a person with active TB breathes out, for example by coughing, sneezing or talking, the TB germs go from their lungs into the air. Other people become infected by breathing in the air that is carrying the TB germ.
Only people who have the active form of TB of the lungs can spread the infection. People who have inactive TB infection cannot pass TB to another person.
TB is most often spread to people who spend a lot of time with a person with active TB, especially those who live in the same house.
Who is at risk of getting TB?
In Canada, TB is not very common, but it still exists. Certain people are more at risk of catching TB:
- People who have lived or worked in countries where TB is common
- Aboriginal Canadians
- People with HIV or AIDS
- Elderly people
- Homeless people
- People who live in crowded housing, in unhygienic conditions
- Health professionals
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