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In other views, organizational knowledge is not merely consider as individual one. Some of knowledge exist in group for [10]. Then the knowledge which is measured or measure something should cover 2 classification of knowledge i,e implicit and explicit and group, individual and organizational one.

The second dimension of this tetragonal basis of figure 1 is types of knowledge in an organization, individual and group from implicitly and explicitly.

 

 

 

 

 

Figure 2: equipoised cube for measurement method the necessities for

The cubical volume of figure 2 indicates integration of tetragonal base in measurement method with types of knowledge in organization

So we have a cube of 6 types of knowledge (from the intersection of implicit and explicit knowledge with indivisual, group, organizational knowledge) that each of then must be compared in the Tetragonal of "knowledge volume" , "knowledge volue" , "knowledge interest and expenses" and "Transformation speed of knowledge".

Now we should find a knowledge management model which is capable of integrating with this cognitive tetragonal model –Nonaka-

Jakichi Model is a suitable one to reconcile with this cognitive tetragonal model and can be considered as a basis for measurement model –Nonaka- Takochi Model as a cognitive model is based on types of knowledge. Hidden and obvious information have been discussed exactly in this model. In this model indivisual, group, organizational knowledge are converted to each other in a loop form too. [11] Then ,Nonaka. Takochi Model can be delineated as measurement Model base. But it should be mentioned here that this model has a dynamic nature.[12] in dynamic Models There are several main and important indexes that separate them from static ones.[13]

dependence to time; Dynamic models depend on time and in dingle of time they show different behavior from themselves which caused by main variable of time in them.

Cause and effect relationships: Dynamic Models are composed of varied cause and effect relationships. One cause itself can the effect of other cause. So in dynamic models the beginning strip of cause and effect relation ships is not clear but the cause and effect impacts of all indexes on each other is measurable and visible.

Feedback circles: in dynamic models feedback plays the main role. Any effect can effect on its cause. The increase of effect can boots or decrease cause directly or indirection.


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مقاله درباره گلکار

کتاب Plain English for Doctors and Other Medical Scientists سال انتشار (2017)

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کتاب Plain English for Doctors and Other Medical Scientists سال انتشار (2017)


کتاب Plain English for Doctors and Other Medical Scientists سال انتشار (2017)

کتاب Plain English for Doctors and Other Medical Scientists سال انتشار (2017)

ناشر کتاب: Oxford University Press

نویسندگان: O. Linares و D. Daly و G.Daly

فایل PDF کتاب به زبان انگلیسی و در 233 صفحه است.

فایل PDF با بهترین کیفیت و با قابلیت جستجو در متن و کپی برداری از متن است.

 

 

 

 

فهرست مطالب کتاب:

Table of Contents
Preface
Introduction
?a. Why bother to write in plain English 
?b. What do we mean by plain English 
c. Medicus incomprehensibilis
d. Using the tips in your writing
e. Notes on the exercises
Concept 1 - Take charge of your reading ease score
a. Flesch reading ease & Flesch-Kincaid grade level tests
b. WSEG scores - How we track key reading ease data
1. Use normal sentence length
a. Keep sentence length 15 words average, 25 words maximum
b. Keep the subject and verb close together in the first seven or eight words
c. Put the main point first. Then give commentary, detail or support
2. Prefer the short word
a. Keep essential scientific terms; minimize other long words
b. Cite a common medical term once to avoid confusion
c. Write a compound word to promote reading ease and show how you pronounce it
d. Omit any unnecessary word ending
e. Avoid the noun string
f. Don't be afraid to start a sentence with "
g. Avoid using a high percentage of long words
3. Omit any needless word
a. Spot and omit needless words
b. Omit the needless c. Omit the needless Concept 2 - Use vivid language
4. Prefer active voice
a. Identify active and passive voice
b. Revise passive into active voice
?c. When should you use active voice 
d. Minimize forms of the verbs "
e. Identify nominalization
f. Convert nominalization into a verb in active voice
5. Prefer concrete language
a. Identify abstract and concrete subjects
b. Revise abstract into concrete
c. Use nouns & verbs to carry the weight of meaning
d. Write in the singular
e. Talk in terms of one doctor treating one patient
6. Observe the 1066 principle
a. Prefer the short word to describe the real world
b. Prefer c. Use terms consistently; avoid elegant variation
d. Avoid using a long, Latin word to describe the real-world
7. Statistical analysis of WSEG scores for exercises in Chapters 1-6
Concept 3 - Present logical reasoning clearly
8. Organize your narrative in a way that's helpful for your reader
a. Introduce and develop a single idea in each paragraphs
b. Present two-dimensional data in a table, chart, or graph
9. Choose a clear narrative pathway
a. Start with things known
b. Start by anchoring the discussion in the real world
b. Choose a good narrative pathway
c. Make a smooth transition between concrete and abstract
10. Forge a strong chain of logical reasoning
a. Explain each step of reasoning
b. State the problem before you solve it
c. State the problem in words before you state it in symbols
?Afterword: Can things ever change 
Appendices
1. English users around the world
2. Selected excerpts from medical science articles
3. Exercise key
Glossary
References


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کتاب Plain English for Doctors and Other Medical Scientists سال انتشار (2017)

دانلود پاورپوینت انگلیسی دهم The other side of the moon در 10 اسلاید

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دانلود پاورپوینت انگلیسی دهم The other side of the moon در 10 اسلاید


دانلود پاورپوینت انگلیسی دهم The other side of the moon در 10 اسلاید

 

 

 

 

 

 

Possessive Pronouns:

Mark:  Why have you brought your work home?

Sara:  I’ll do it later. Let’s go now. Shall we take my car?

Mark: Well, i’d rather not take mine. I think there’s something wrong with it.

 

My, mine, your,etc. express possession and similar meaning. My car means the car belonging to me, your  work means the work you are doing. My comes before a noun, e.g. My car. We use mine on its own.

 


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دانلود پاورپوینت انگلیسی دهم The other side of the moon در 10 اسلاید