CRC Press, 3 Oct 2016 - Technology & Engineering - 224 pages
size: 5 Mb file: PDF
This book will provide a quick reference on Work Measurement. While the nature of the work may differ, measuring work is fundamental to any industrial or service activity. It’s needed to determine such things as the amount a person should be paid, how much time should it take to perform an activity, what is an acceptable days’ work, or how any two or more methods or designs compare. This book provides non-industrial engineers with the why and the how work is measured in order to perform their jobs.
Table of contents :
Content: Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Authors
1. Introduction: Significance of Work Measurement
1.1 What Is Work?
1.2 Factors Adding Work Content to a Product (or Activity)
1.2.1 Product Design
1.2.2 Lack of Standardization and Incorrect Quality Standards
1.2.3 Poor Choice of Process or Method of Operation
1.2.4 Reducing Waste
1.2.5 Poor Management and Poor Worker Performance
1.3 What Is Work Measurement?
1.4 Why Is It Important to Measure Work?
1.4.1 Product Design
1.4.2 Equipment, Tool, Fixture, and Jig Design
1.4.3 Selection of Equipment and Tools. 1.4.4 Processing and Operations Planning1.4.5 Production Scheduling
1.4.6 Labor Requirement
1.4.7 Wages and Wage Incentives
1.4.8 Comparison of Work Methods and Task Evaluations
1.4.9 Preparing Budget, Controlling Costs, and Establishing Selling Price
1.4.10 Facilities Design
1.5 Summary
2. Prior to Measuring Work: Minimizing Inefficiencies
2.1 Selecting Job or Activity to Be Studied
2.2 Recording the Existing Work Method
2.2.1 Outline Process Charts
2.2.2 Flow Process Chart
2.2.3 The Two-Handed Process Chart
2.2.4 Procedure Flowchart
2.2.5 Multiple Activity Chart. 2.2.6 Gang Chart2.2.7 Simultaneous Motion Cycle (SIMO) Chart
2.2.8 Flow Diagram
2.2.9 String Diagram
2.2.10 Cyclegraphs and Chronocyclegraphs
2.2.11 Travel Charts
2.3 Examining the Recorded Information
2.3.1 Ishikawa or Fishbone Diagrams
2.3.2 The Questioning Technique
2.3.3 Operation Analysis
2.4 Making Improvements
2.5 Workstation Design
2.5.1 Static Work/Loads and Fixed Working Postures
2.5.2 Repetitive Trauma Disorders
2.5.3 Work Height
2.5.4 Providing an Adjustable Chair
2.5.5 Feet/Legs and Hands
2.5.6 Gravity
2.5.7 Momentum. 2.5.8 Principles of Motion Economy and Hand Motions2.5.9 Dominant Hand
2.5.10 Working Area
2.5.11 Physical "Fit"
2.6 Summary
3. The Basics of Time Study
3.1 Selecting the Job to Be Timed
3.2 Recording the Information
3.2.1 Breaking the Job into Elements
3.2.2 Timing the Elements
3.2.3 Rating
3.2.4 Allowances
3.3 Determining the Time Standard
3.4 Determining Standard Time When Working with Machines
3.5 A Time Study Example
4. Allowances
4.1 Personal Allowances
4.2 Delay Allowances
4.3 Fatigue Allowances
4.3.1 Physiological Fatigue Allowances. 4.3.2 Psychological Fatigue Allowances4.3.3 Environmental Fatigue Allowances
5. Work Sampling
5.1 The Concept of Work Sampling
5.2 Advantages of Work Sampling
5.3 Disadvantages of Work Sampling
5.4 Procedure for Conducting a Work Sampling Study
5.5 Accuracy and Precision of Work Sampling
5.6 Control Charts in Work Sampling
5.7 Allowances
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Fundamentals of work measurement: what every engineer should know
